International Conference on Endangered Languages in Europe

The Interdisciplinary Centre for Social and Language Documentation (CIDLeS) invites scholars working on endangered languages in Europe and on Language Documentation to attend the International Conference on Endangered Languages in Europe. The conference will be held on October 17-18th, 2013 at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Social and Language Documentation (CIDLeS), Minde, Portugal.

The conference aims to:

  • Provide an interdisciplinary forum in which scholars from Language Documentation, Language Technology and others working on European endangered languages can exchange ideas and techniques on language documentation, archiving, and revitalisation;
  • Include further discussion and research into linguistic diversity in Europe;
  • Reflect on language policy issues.

The second day of the Conference will have two special panels: one focusing on the endangered languages in the Iberian Peninsula and a round table, dedicated to the theme “new speakers of minority/endangered languages”.

The Conference will include a socio-cultural program related to the theme “Endangered Languages in Europe” with the aim of promoting intercultural exchange and reinforcing the relationship between linguists and language communities. On 19 October 2013 there will be a “Language Fair”, in which members of endangered language communities in Europe will present their languages and cultures through book displays, and cultural events (music, theatre, movies, exhibitions, etc.). On the evenings of 18 and 19 October there will be an Endangered Languages Music Festival.

Plenary speakers

  • Ulrike Mosel (University of Kiel)
  • Mandana Seyfeddinipur (School of Oriental and African Studies, London)
  • Sebastian Drude (Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen)
  • Fernando Ramallo (University of Vigo)

Scientific committee

  • Annette Endruschat (University of Regensburg)
  • Michael Cysouw (University of Marburg)
  • Frank Seifart (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig)
  • Wolfgang Schulze (University of Munich)
  • Xosé Afonso Pérez Álvarez (University of Lisbon)
  • Lachlan Mackenzie  (ILTEC, Lisbon)
  • Johannes Helmbrecht (University of Regensburg)
  • Peter-Arnold Mumm (University of Munich)
  • Nikolaus Himmelmann (University of Cologne)
  • Geoffrey Haig (University of Bamberg)

Organizing committee

  • Vera Ferreira
  • Peter Bouda
  • Francisco Vicente
  • Rita Pedro
  • António Lopes
  • Ingrid Scholz
  • Paulo Vicente

For more information please contact ele2013@cidles.eu and visit the following websites:

www.cidles.eu/events/conference-ele-2013

www.cidles.eu/events/conference-ele-2013/language-fair

Poliglotti4.eu invites you to its Closing Conference

Poliglotti4.eu, a project co-funded with the support of the European Commission would like to announce its closing conference One continent, many tongues: a spotlight on Europe’s linguistic wealth in Parma/Italy, 15-16 of November.

Bringing together experts and multilingual talents from across Europe, the conference will highlight the outcome of Poliglotti4.eu’s project achievement and will also raise the voice of Europeans who live and work in multilingual Europe representing diverse fields such as science, art and culture, education, economics, politics and public spaces. The conference is part of the Parma Theatre Festival.

We cordially invite you to attend the conference and to join us for a lively debate throughout the two exciting conference days. The voice of civil society will be raised to take an active part in the policy making process on how Europe’s linguistic rich diversity will be enhanced as asset of Europe’s citizens.

Please consult our Conference Page for practical details, a draft conference programme and in order to register for the event. Participation is free of charge.

The long-term goal of the Poliglotti4.eu project is to put multilingualism on the agenda so that appropriate multilingual policies are developed and implemented everywhere in Europe at the grass-roots level. Consult our comprehensive website www.poliglotti4.eu for a wealth of information in the area of multilingualism in Europe.

Join the cause to promote multilingualism in Europe by supporting our project! You can also get involved by actively contributing to our Facebook and Twitter pages and by leaving a comment or an example of best practice and the different sub sections on our website. For more information on the project and on how you can get involved please contact us!

Soft power et plurilinguisme européen

This week we have two guest posts from our Language Rich Europe partner in France, the Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme. The first article discusses soft power and a plurilingual Europe. Translations in German, English, Spanish, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Russian are available on-line. Traductions en allemand, anglais, espagnol, grec, italien, portugais, roumain et russe accessibles en ligne.

L’été s’éloigne, l’odeur des barbecues aussi. Mais qui sait que le mot barbecue, dérivé du mot barbaque, nous viendrait d’une langue amérindienne d’Haïti via l’anglo-américain pour désigner le dispositif pour fumer la viande et la viande elle-même ? Ceci pour dire que les mots circulent comme les oiseaux ou les abeilles, et que cette circulation qui enrichit les langues et les cultures tout en jettant des ponts entre elles, sont une partie essentielle de l’écologie linguistique mondiale. Accepter les mots de l’autre, c’est une manière d’accepter l’autre. L’autre élément fondamental de l’écologie linguistique, c’est tout simplement la créativité interne des langues qui, en tant que regard sur le monde ne cesse d’évoluer avec la vision qu’on en a. Mais c’est une autre histoire. Cesser d’inventer des mots nouveaux est un signe avant-coureur d’un déclin prochain.

Dans son célèbre livre L’aventure des mots français venus d’ailleurs (1997), Henriette Walter fournissait des centaines d’exemples de cette écologie linguistique, et il est intéressant de noter que les emprunts ne sont pas toujours durables et suivent parfois les effets de mode. Elle citait pour le français de nombreux exemples de mots d’origine anglaise pourtant récents mais aujourd’hui passés de mode tels que, fashionable, surprise-party, babies, kids, drink, ice-cream, milk-bar, smart…

Beaucoup d’autres n’auront qu’une pénétration limitée et relèvent davantage du jargon professionnel.

Mais si les emprunts linguistiques ne sont que l’expression d’une sorte de marché des langues, selon les termes de Louis-Jean Calvet où l’on s’échange les bons mots comme les bonnes idées par une sorte d’attractivité naturelle, la réalité est parfois plus brutale. Pour s’en tenir à l’époque moderne, citons l’exempledu Cambodge : si plus personne ne parle ni n’étudie le français au Cambodge, c’est que 1,7 milllions de cambodgiens, dont la population la plus cultivée, ont été exterminés par les khmers rouges entre 1976 et 1978 pendant la guerre contre le Vietnam. Et si le français progresse en Afrique anglophone tandis que l’anglais progresse en Afrique francophone, c’est pour que les deux parties de l’Afrique communique l’une avec l’autre sans compter les grandes langues africaines parlées de manière transnationale et qui sont autant de lingua franca. De même, si le français se développe en Chine, loin derrière l’anglais, c’est parce que la Chine s’intéresse à l’Europe, mais aussi beaucoup à l’Afrique francophone. Si les chinois ont le souci de promouvoir la langue chinoise, grâce au développement accéléré d’instituts Confucius dans le monde, la langue chinoise n’est pas pour eux le meilleur moyen de s’exporter ni de conquérir des marchés. L’apprentissage des langues vivantes est un moyen infiniment plus sûr.

Le mot soft power proposé en 1990 par Joseph Nye désigne-t-il un nouveau concept ou est-il une réinterprétation d’une réalité de tous les temps? Brièvement défini comme l’expression d’une stratégie d’influence sans recours à la force, les princes n’ont pas attendu les savantes élaborations des sciences humaines pour pratiquer le soft power. Sans remonter à l’Antiquité,Versailles et le siècle de Louis XIV, quasiment sortis des programmes d’histoire en France, en sont une brillante illustration.

Pourtant, s’il y a bien à l’époque moderne un élément nouveau dans l’utilisation par le pouvoir politique du soft power, c’est justement l’utilisation consciente de la langue comme composante d’une stratégie d’influence. Jusqu’à un passé récent, le développement de la langue avait plutôt tendance à suivre les conquêtes. Les missionnaires et les professeurs prenaient la suite des soldats. Aujourd’hui le soft power peut être utilisé seul – après tout, tous les instituts culturels de tous les pays du monde, sont à leur façon des expressions du soft power – ou il se conjugue avec la diplomatique et les actions de forces.

Depuis la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, les Etats-Unis ont porté à un niveau très élevé d’élaboration le maniement de la force et du soft power avec comme outils privilégiés de promotion du modèle américain, le cinéma et la langue.

Mais le monde change.

Le soft power américain est durablement affaibli aujourd’hui par trois facteurs. Le premier est le désastre militaire et culturel qu’a représenté l’équipée aventureuse de l’invasion de l’Irak. Le deuxième est la crise mondiale qui a plus qu’ébranlé l’absolutisme des marchés, idéologie dominante des trente dernières années. Le troisième est l’émergence d’un monde multipolaire.

Dans Irak in Translation ou De l’art de perdre une guerre sans connaître la langue de son adversaire, Mathieu Guidère avait montré la faiblesse qu’avait constitué la méconnaissance de la langue arabe par les troupes et les services américains pour les opérations militaires en Irak.

Les Américains seraient-ils sur le point de sortir de leur isolationnisme linguistique et culturel ? Certains signes le prêtent à penser.

Le 23 août dernier, devant une assemblée de 2500 soldats, marins, aviateurs et marines, Leon E. Panetta, secrétaire d’Etat américain à la Défense, fait ainsi une découverte essentielle : “We live in a global world,” he said. “We have to understand that world if we … are going to be able to not only defend this country, but to extend our relationships to others so that we can work together to defend the world that we live in.”

“The reality is that we have to reflect the nation we live in and we have to reflect the world we are a part of,” he continued. “Languages are the key to understanding that world.”

It’s also critical, he said, to the effectiveness of current U.S. military operations.

“If we are going to advance stability in some of the countries we are fighting in today, we have to be able to understand what motivates those countries, what motivates their people, and to understand their culture, beliefs, faiths, ideologies, hatreds and loves. “So it is crucial to our national security to be able to have a strong language ability”.

Signe des temps, lors de l’université d’été du Mouvement des entreprises de France (MEDEF), sur la radio BFM, Fabrice Marchisio, avocat d’affaires au cabinet CVML, signale que les réunions au Japon avec leurs interlocuteurs japonais se tiennent en japonais.

Autre signe des temps : une lingua franca, connu sous le nom de portugnol, mélange d’espagnol et de portugais fait son apparition depuis une dizaine d’années en Amérique Latine

Et qu’en est-il en Europe ? Il faut en revenir à quelques fondamentaux.

D’abord, il faut insister sur le fait que la règle des institutions européennes, c’est le plurilinguisme. Qu’il s’agisse du Parlement européen, du Conseil des ministres, du Comité économique et social ou du Comité des régions, le règlement 58/01 du Conseil, fondateur du régime linguistique de l’Union européenne s’applique, la règle institutionnelle reste le plurilinguisme, c’est-à-dire le respect des langues officielles des états membres. Malgré les nombreuses entorses dont l’OEP ne s’est jamais privé de faire état, il convient de souligner que le principe du plurilinguisme s’applique et doit être réaffirmé avec force.

Du côté du Conseil de l’Europe, qui a toujours joué un rôle de pionnier dans ce domaine, il faut rappeler la Convention culturelle européenne du 19 décembre 1954, qui s’est fixée pour objectif de développer la compréhension mutuelle entre les peuples d’Europe et l’appréciation réciproque de leurs diversités culturelles, de sauvegarder la culture européenne, de promouvoir les contributions nationales à l’héritage culturel commun de l’Europe et ce dans le respect des mêmes valeurs fondamentales en encourageant, notamment, l’étude des langues, de l’histoire et de la civilisation des peuples européens.

Il faut aussi rappeler l’importante recommandation adoptée par le Comité des Ministres le 17 mars 1998, qui préconisait le développement d’une politique de plurilinguisme à grande échelle, notamment dans le domaine de l’éducation et de préciser les moyens d’y parvenir. Cette recommandation faite aux Etats comportait un véritable programme politique de promotion du plurilinguisme dont l’actualité est intacte mais suppose une volonté politique des gouvernements nationaux. La route sera longue, mais il ne faut pas désespérer.

Ed: the second article by the Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme will be posted later this week.

 

Does Age Matter?

Everyone knows that learning languages becomes more difficult as you get older. Our brains are no longer sponge-like and, as the saying goes, you can’t teach old dogs new tricks. This provides a nice, ready-made excuse for those of us trying to balance evening classes with work and family commitments. We don’t have time to sit and learn vocabulary every evening, but even if we did there wouldn’t be much point now that we are over the age of ten. Right?

Well maybe not. Recent research from Israel (presented at the 12th International Congress for the Study of Child Language in Montreal) shows an adult brain is more suited to learning a language’s grammar than a child’s brain. In one experiment, researchers invented a new grammar for Hebrew and tested 8, 12 and 21 year olds on their ability to learn the system. The 21 year olds achieved the best results.

In an article for Belgian newspaper de Standaard, Monika Schmid, Professor of Linguistics at the University of Groningen, explains that many scientists are unable to agree on this subject. One reason for this is it is difficult to create a truly controlled environment in which to test language learning ability. External factors such as schooling mean that children tend to be immersed more thoroughly in a language, so they reach a higher level of fluency more quickly. But if these factors were removed, would children still come out on top? The Israeli research suggests not.

However, grammar is only one aspect of language learning and Professor Schmid goes on to explain that while rules can be learned more easily by adults, children tend to learn a language more intuitively:

Volwassenen leren talen expliciet: ze leiden de spelregels van de grammatica bewust af, zoals je ook een videorecorder leert programmeren. Kinderen leren talen zoals ze ook leren fietsen: op een gegeven moment weten ze intuïtief hoe het moet.

At the end of the day, does it really matter how old we are? So we might not become as fluent or learn as quickly as we would like to but if we are motivated and enthusiastic about learning a new language, surely that is much more important!

Thanks to Canan Marasligil for drawing my attention to the article in de Standaard.

Information on the Israeli research is also available in English from the New Scientist website.

Interview: Speaking Welsh, Living in Brussels

Stefanie Poulton moved to Brussels from North Wales in 2009. Today she works in British Council Brussels as PA to Regional Director EU. She shares her views about multilingualism and having become “Welsh Stef” in Brussels for our blog. Interview with Canan Marasligil.

 

Are you originally from Wales?
I was born in Chester, England and have two English Parents; my Mother is from Sheffield and my Father from Manchester. They moved to Wales the day before I was born…

The actual day before you were born?
Yes!

Are they still in Wales?
Yes, they’re still living there today.

Did you learn Welsh at school?
I attended the local primary school where we were taught Welsh from very early on. During my secondary education the Welsh Assembly Government amended the curriculum, making Welsh a compulsory subject to be sat at GCSE level, when prior to this pupils had the option to discontinue it as a subject if desired at 14. I therefore studied it until I was 16.

Did you like studying Welsh?
At the time it wasn’t something I had wanted to necessarily study, as I felt learning another, more widely spoken language such as French or Spanish would be more beneficial. In hindsight, having grown up in Wales I now recognise the importance of language learning in relation to the shaping of identity and culture and although my Welsh is pretty basic and something which I am unlikely to use again, I think learning it and growing up in Wales has impacted on me in more ways than I thought; Now in Brussels I am referred to as ‘Welsh Stef’ – something I don’t necessarily consider myself to be!

How did learning Welsh affect who your cultural identity?
While I was growing up, learning Welsh always felt a bit alien to me.  I knew that because I lived in Wales, in school we were expected to learn it.  However with it being a language you would rarely hear being spoken and not coming from a Welsh background and mixing with friends who were in a similar position to me, it often led to some confusion and perhaps some resentment to it.  The year I was choosing my options for my GCSE’s is when the Welsh Assembly Government made learning Welsh compulsory across the curriculum until the age of 16.  I don’t think this contributed to myself having any feelings of being Welsh, but perhaps the opposite!  I suppose it began to change when I left Wales for University and then moving to Belgium. As soon as you mention where you come from people are very interested in whether you can speak Welsh or not, it is usually one of the first questions! And then I feel quite proud to answer that I learnt it at school and am able to explain a bit about the language, its uses in Wales – how and where it is spoken and its history and origin, which people do seem interested in, given its reputation of a ‘dying’ language.

What place does Welsh have in your personal and professional lives today? Today, apart from the name I have inherited, Welsh plays little part in personal and professional life.  Most of my friends, even if they were from Welsh speaking families have left Wales and when I return it is to visit my Parents.  I have definitely noticed an increase in the about of Welsh visible when I go back, on sign posts, in shops and on literature in my Parents house which get’s posted through the door and do feel proud that I can understand it where as perhaps the previous generation to me would not!

Do you think Welsh helps you learning other languages or opening up to other languages?
I’m not sure if learning Welsh made me want to learn other languages.  I think at the time because it felt forced upon me and because I struggled to contextualise it, it made language learning feel like a chore and therefore I didn’t appreciate its importance.  However today, this has of course changed and living in Brussels where there are so many languages and dialects being spoken around you, I feel pleased to have studied one other than my mother tongue, even if it can’t be used!

 

BIO
Stefanie Poulton works in the Brussels office as PA to Regional Director EU; Rosemary Hilhorst OBE. Stefanie moved to Brussels in 2009 from North Wales to work at the European Parliament as Parliamentary Assistant to a British MEP. Although a varied role, Stefanie particularly enjoyed the PA element to the position and was keen to further her career working in an international environment in this area. Having gained a Master’s Degree in Creative and Cultural Management from the University of Chester before moving to Belgium, the work of the British Council complements her personal interest in intercultural dialogue and cultural management.

 

Shakespeare in different languages during the Olympics

It has long been recognised that Shakespeare, as well as a great playwright, has become an international language. We want to celebrate this international affection by welcoming Shakespeare enthusiasts – producers, performers and audiences – to experience his work in their own languages and dialects.

says Dominic Dromgoole, the Globe’s artistic director, as it is reported the BBC News website

And it is exactly what the Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre will do during the 2012 Cultural Olympiad, giving the opportunity to the international audiences to experience Shakespeare in their own language(s), inside the Globe Theatre. Companies from around the world will participate in this special season, starting on 23 April and lasting 6 weeks.

Audiences will see The Taming of the Shrew in Urdu, The Tempest in Arabic, Julius Caesar in Italian, or Troilus and Cressida in Maori. Other languages will also include Lithuanian, Greek, Spanish, Turkish, …

A celebration of multilingualism, this project is also a very good way to open up to more international collaborations.

There is no information yet on the Globe’s public website, but you can read the press release with a list of the languages and plays to be performed.

Labas from Vilnius

The Language Rich Europe project partners have gathered in Vilnius (therefore the “labas” of the title which means “hello” in Lithuanian) for two days to discuss the next steps of the project. The British Council office in Lithuania has been organising the whole event and the first day of the meeting on Thursday 2 December took place at the Ministry of Economics. The meeting will end on Friday 3 December and more articles will follow on this blog. In the meantime, here’s a very short update on the first very productive meeting day.

We were welcomed at the Ministry of Economics with the statement of how important multilingualism is for Lithuania and how it can influence global trade. Followed by a warm welcome to “the multilingual city of Vilnius. With only 0.5 % of Lithuanians speaking only one language, Vilnius is a natural habitat for such a meeting!” We then listened to a presentation by Irena Smetoniene, Chair of the State Language Commission. Ms Smetoniene went through the role of the Commission in the preservation of the Lithuanian language, explaining that “Lithuanian language ensures national identity and survival” and that “Its survival depends on policy.” Foreign language learning being part of the Ministry of Education’s role.

Throughout the day, partners had the opportunity to work on the Language Rich Europe index questions and think further about the methodology that will be used to collect data across the different countries.

At the end of the day, we had the chance fo visit the Lithuanian Language Museum where we could learn about the history of lithuanian letters, the “Merry-go-round of words-shadows” and the Lithuanian language dictionary (the dictionary began being written on cards in 1922 and was finished in 2002, it is all accessible online now).

Photos by Kamile Zickyte.